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Turbine, Inc. (formerly Turbine Entertainment Software, Second Nature, and originally CyberSpace, Inc.) is an American computer game developer that develops 3D massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). Turbine was founded by Johnny Monsarrat, Jeremy Gaffney, Kevin Langevin, and Timothy Miller as CyberSpace, Inc., changing their company name in 2005 to Turbine, Inc. In April 2007, Turbine released their most recent MMORPG, ''The Lord of the Rings Online''.〔(Turbine spin into action to secure Tolkien license ) VideoGamer.com〕 Turbine was a privately held company backed by Highland Capital Partners, Polaris Venture Partners, and other private investors since 1998. On April 20, 2010, the company was formally acquired by Warner Bros.. Turbine is known for employing fans of the game to the customer service side. Examples for ''Dungeons and Dragons Online'' include "Tolero" (who hosted a long running role play segment on the unofficial DDO podcast, DDOcast), and Jerry Snook (creator and host of said cast). ==History== Turbine was founded in April 1994 by Johnny Monsarrat and fellow students at Brown University, as a project with the goal to create the world's largest game.〔(Johnny Monsarrat's story of founding Turbine )〕 Monsarrat was hit by a car in 1994, which resulted in a payout he used to fund the company. In 1995 the company was based in his mother's house with 12 staff members. They found an office in Providence, RI, but later moved to Westwood, Massachusetts to better take advantage of the software engineers coming out of Boston's colleges. As CEO, Monsarrat used free food and office pranks〔(Website with many Turbine prank stories, including the famous 'Wall of Wheat Puffs'. ).〕 to keep staff motivated. The company was originally called CyberSpace because "that seemed cool". Its name was later changed to "Second Nature", but since that was taken, "Turbine" was chosen. ''Asheron's Call'' was the company's first game. It was notable for being the second 3D MMORPG, following the launch of ''EverQuest''. Its most notable feature, designed by Monsarrat, was a "loyalty" system giving new and experienced players incentives to work together. The Olthoi was the first monster developed for ''Asheron's Call'', designed by Joe Angell. After ''Asheron's Call'', the company went on to make a sequel, ''Asheron's Call 2'', which came out in 2002 (just after the first ''Asheron's Call'' expansion). However, after only one expansion ''Asheron's Call 2'' shut down in 2005. The following year Turbine brought out ''Dungeons & Dragons Online: Stormreach''. Early reception was positive but the game was criticised for poor solo play. One year after that, in 2007, Turbine brought out ''The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar'', which got positive reviews and was seen as a needed boost for the company. In 2009, ''Dungeons and Dragons Online'' was suffering a low playerbase; in an attempt to save the game, Turbine replaced the traditional monthly subscription model with a free one and changed the name from "Stormreach" to "Eberron Unlimited". Many other games in the MMORPG genre have since followed this shift to a Free to Play (F2P) model. The game was later renamed simply to ''Dungeons and Dragons Online''. In 2010, Turbine also moved ''The Lord of the Rings Online'' (which was then on its second expansion) to a Free to Play model. In the same year, Turbine was purchased by Warner Brothers. In 2012, Turbine announced that they would bring back ''Asheron's Call 2''. In 2014, the studio was hit with layoffs. In 2015, it was announced that development of ''Infinite Crisis'' would end immediately and that the game will be closed on August 14.〔https://www.infinitecrisis.com/en/news/infinite-crisis-closing-august-14th-2015〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turbine (company)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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